Appendix 4. Patterns for all Aspects

When we learn, it is good to browse through language forms time and again, only read a few, and think about them with other patterns that come to mind. The presentation here has all the 4 Aspects in the Affirmative, Interrogative, Negative, and Negative Interrogative. ■More

Grapevine: Word natures

Dis-establishmentarian people would be as the flower power or hippie guys, whose alternative lifestyles involved little or no capability for finance. We are considerate abut our developmental stages, so we have looked around for prospects, and disestablishment is not our choice. . ■More

Grapevine: The way we have worked

Folks, there is always going to be some psychology that people tackle you with. We have seen it so often, that we've come to terms. We only mind if the psychology is something we can like, a Dr. Seuss you know, some essence. ■More

Grapevine: Only real strawberries count

You might hear you go minus or plus infinity about the number of strawberries, but mind you, the Founders stated you couldn’t owe for strawberries that never existed, or so I guess they would have said in case. Grammar can have infinity too. ■More

Grapevine: Granny talks Present Simple

Travel in Grammar obviously is not the only website about grammar, and we may get plenty to read, in books or articles, to manage at school or other language courses. We need to be able to work classic grammar guidance. Let us begin with Oxford Dictionaries for verb tenses. ■→More

Grapevine: Heebeecheeche and other capers

I don't know about anyone to have visited everywhere in person, so I thought there could be folks into our game. ■More

Grapevine: Vaulters and mergers

If you don't make it with a new word and stumble, you act as in a cloud of well familiar bubbles. You do not look around in amazement: you know they are there. ■More

Grapevine: 3 gloves, to that time

It was in the woods Huck heard that strange noise them ghosts make, when they have something on mind they can't make themselves understood about. Except I don’t believe in ghosts, and I am perfectly a living human being, just the same would have happened to me home today. ■More

Grapevine: Four of them things

I've asked Jim if he believes in witches. He says there sure ain’t any in Vermont where he lives 'cause they can't fly in snow storms, so they’d need anoraks and goggles till April. ■→More

Four corners of the world

If we score 3 out of 4, the idea is probably natural for us. We may compare our answers with family, friends, or other people, to see if the results would be consistent. ■More

Bibliography

The language story entire is five books, inclusive of a flexion framework, and about more than two languages. The author has made observations on language as really spoken and written, and all the work is her conscious thought about own cognitive variables. ■More

10.2. The relative Progressive

Our cognitive variables and frames for grammatical time may complement one another: Modal verbs close their frames with auxiliary HAVE, whereas real-time frames open with the same auxiliary. We remember, cognitive variables and frames are not parameters. ■More

10.1. Grammar Unreal or Real time

No group and no Government can properly prescribe precisely what should constitute the body of knowledge with which true education is concerned. — Franklin Delano Roosevelt | If I had permitted my failures, or what seemed to me at the time a lack of success… ― Calvin Coolidge ■More

Chapter 10. Form relativity galore

If we guess or suppose, Past forms refer to the Present, and Present forms refer to the Future. It is only the anchored Past to remain in the grammatical Past. The matter is similar in many languages: if I was, si j’étais, gdybym był/a, если бы я был/а, wäre ich.
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9.2. Theory time and the Modal Net

Real-time cognitive frames close on time extents. Modal frames close on objects of thought. It must be that theory time is not the same as real time to human minds, and Modal frames will keep the value {IN}, but they will not mark values {TO} or {AT}, those for a span of time. ■More

9.1. Auxiliary HAVE and Modal syntax

Let us now say there shows a theory fruit that has a stalk. Our Modal frame can be open. We might say, the use for the stalk is an open matter, and altogether, when we know it is, we can make some more of a reasonable theory. Not even theoretical physics would go on without data. ■More

Chapter 9. To tell the fashion in valuable time

Modal verbs do not narrate the real time. Their manner is relative to real time, as they mediate between the grammatical Time and Aspect. Their Past forms may tell the probability is lower today, the same as that it was lower yesterday. We develop Modal cognitive frames. ■More

8.2. Practice for all grammatical Aspects

3. The bumblebee had wished for the whole meal opportunity since Friday last. 4. The katydid wanted a new aureate bib, to match his figured bib of old. 7. The butterfly kissed the bee in the midst of her phiz, when he saw the golden grit. 9. Glow worms respected in varicolor, flexing... ■More

8.1. Earthling basic cognitive variable

In thousands of years, people to think what there is {ON} a map, have not denied plausibility for places {IN} areas, routes {TO} places, as well as locations {AT} them. Early childhood learning to walk has gotten along with learning to talk. The pragmatics cannot break a reasonable rule. ■More

Chapter 8. A Progressive and Perfect regard

When the reference for time is singular, the cognitive time frame is closed, and the variable can be {ON} or {IN}. All Perfect tenses make a dual time reference and their time frame is open. The cognitive variables are {TO} or {AT}, to highlight a time span or dynamism. ■More

Chapter 7. Time in the mind and heart

Some 200 years ago, there were no words or phrases as spatialization or a cognitive variable, but there were language uses as here: The advice nearest to my heart and deepest in my convictions is that the Union of the States be cherished and perpetuated — President James Madison. ■More

6.4. More practice: the frame, variable, and form

2. The hedgehog hid the apples from the bird in a good jar with a lid. 3. The rabbit strew the cashews for the jabiru, and went on making his debut callaloo. 8. The mountain cat usually sat on his mat, to chat with the standpat spat — on habits and repast. ■More

6.3. Exercises: the Aspect and the frame

1. The motmot had completely befallen for a piece of fresh stollen. 2. The skylark found nothing to outbid the bit of cosmos with a squid. 5. The golden frog behind the chilidog overslept and wept. 8. The spotted redshank bachelorette bewailed, and reset her buret for the bouncing bet. ■More

6.2. Aspect variable and time frame

Madame Règle is not a systematic person at all. Her choice on scarves sure depends on some totally unpredictable factor, just as the exact time for lunch, for which you might want to assume the broad time frame of about sixty minutes to commence or not to happen altogether. ■More

6.1. Our linguistic gravitation

Time extents, Present or Past, do not depend on the Aspect, Simple or Perfect. To express own thought well, we need the cognitive ground and time frame. The matter can be easy as with gravitation: when we have the ground, we close the frame. ■More

Chapter 6. To choose own path in time

There are no universal principles to design between the Present Perfect and the Past Simple. We may learn many grammar rules, and yet we are always going to need own resolves in real-time contexts. An idea as a cognitive time frame can prove very helpful and real-time efficient. ■More

5.3. Practice: real syntax and more words

We can tell abbreviated “is” from “has” only by their contexts, as both get shortened to ’s. Abbreviated verb forms are much in use in American English. We learn telling them, continuing the practice with symbolic cues, mapping variables, and target grammatical time, plus a few irregular verbs. ■More

5.2. Practice: symbolic cues and real syntax

We exercise the target grammatical time with symbolic cues, gather language patterns from pieces, and then figure on pieces from symbolic cues. All along, we form the answers in our minds solely: this is where thinking habits take shape, for learning to hold. ■More

5.1. The language logic so far

We can reason, the Aspect makes one type of logic, because we cannot be {IN} an area of a cognitive map, without being {ON} a cognitive ground; likewise, we can never work the Past or Future without our Present, but we may prefer to affirm or deny in distinct logic. ■More

Chapter 5. Let us make own paths with time

To make own paths with language and time, we need to decide if we affirm, ask a question, or deny. We may think about something usual as a strawberry, to work the Affirmative, Interrogative, or Negative. Our strawberry is more of a theory at times, as the blue in the Mind Practice. ■More

4.1. The idea of travel in grammar

Language is not a predetermined reality. Beginning to read a book or to watch a movie, we may wonder what there is going to be; somewhere around the middle, we may look back to what has happened, and think about things accomplished at the end. Our thought has grammar. ■More

Chapter 4. Aspect cognitive variables

Humans naturally build mind perspectives for neighborhoods or vicinity, in familiar settings. Since the very beginning, people have lived in places that allow the horizontal plane: to sit, have meals, sleep; read, write, or paint. Human grammar has evolved on planet Earth. ■More

3.4. Practice for the shape of time

Metalanguage is the style to talk about language, as about nouns, verbs, or tenses. Most of us know metalanguage from school or individual study; we only may not be used to the specialist term, “meta-language”. To get along at school, we need to be metalinguistic. ■More

3.3. The big chart for three persons and paths

It is good to make a big picture, to integrate own ability. We put together the Aspect — the Simple, Progressive, and Perfect — with all personal pronouns, and in all three fields of time, the Future, Present, and Past. This way we know all there is for us to gather, before we take to practice. ■More

3.2. The person ‘you’

The pronoun 'you" has evolved into the same shape for the singular and plural in English. The development needs not mean contestation. We people simply each are own self. We couldn't swap bodies, for example. Imagine Aristotle as he chats with Plato after parachuting. ■More

3.1. Field and river, the grammatical Aspect

There is no single landscape all people reasonably could be advised always to bear in mind. With life, grammar, and landscapes as well, we need to regard and decide the Aspect on our own. The Latin aspectus meant "a seeing, looking at". ■More

Chapter 3. Time is like a river: verb patterns

Everyday language has phrases as a flow of time, a course of events: we people happen to have such impressions about life. Grammatical patterns for words and time may look a lot to think about at first, and this is why we begin with a good glimpse. ■More

2.1. More words in the Fields

Verbs give us three fields and — three forms of the verb. Forms are not the same as fields. We begin with simple practice on forms first and second, consciously to choose focus on the shape of the verb or the field. We exercises in mind, to strengthen good habits for thought. ■More

Chapter 2. The future needs the present

We can predict the future only to an extent, because it all the time takes on form or becomes — in our Present, — and there is always more than one factor to human reality. We can use Present grammatical forms in English to talk about the future, and “will” is one of such words. ■More

1.2. Mind practice: thinking on purpose

Silent thought is a great friend of language skill. We do not know a language really, if it does not belong with that inner competence. It is with practice that the brain together with mind makes associations for work on language trace features solely. ■More