10.2. The relative Progressive

Our cognitive variables and frames for grammatical time may complement one another: Modal verbs close their frames with auxiliary HAVE, whereas real-time frames open with the same auxiliary. We remember, cognitive variables and frames are not parameters. ■More

9.4. Modal Relativity practice

The westerly wind could perceive something indivisible and intermediate about time. Well, there always would be a present moment to be the only present. This only present wouldn't be anywhere else but where we are ourselves, and we always say "here", for such a place.. ■More

9.3. Detail on Modal structures

The natural economy and efficiency of human minds for language continues to show with Modal expression. Ancillary time can be only hypothetical in questions, and it would be theory twice, with Modal Contingency. The language standard avoids forms as "Mustn't you have..." ■More

Chapter 9. To tell the fashion in valuable time

Modal verbs do not narrate the real time. Their manner is relative to real time, as they mediate between the grammatical Time and Aspect. Their Past forms may tell the probability is lower today, the same as that it was lower yesterday. We develop Modal cognitive frames. ■More

8.2. Practice for all grammatical Aspects

3. The bumblebee had wished for the whole meal opportunity since Friday last. 4. The katydid wanted a new aureate bib, to match his figured bib of old. 7. The butterfly kissed the bee in the midst of her phiz, when he saw the golden grit. 9. Glow worms respected in varicolor, flexing... ■More

8.1. Earthling basic cognitive variable

In thousands of years, people to think what there is {ON} a map, have not denied plausibility for places {IN} areas, routes {TO} places, as well as locations {AT} them. Early childhood learning to walk has gotten along with learning to talk. The pragmatics cannot break a reasonable rule. ■More

Chapter 8. A Progressive and Perfect regard

When the reference for time is singular, the cognitive time frame is closed, and the variable can be {ON} or {IN}. All Perfect tenses make a dual time reference and their time frame is open. The cognitive variables are {TO} or {AT}, to highlight a time span or dynamism. ■More

7.1. Practce for the heart and mind

“You seem to be this most daily of creatures”, said the butterfly. The dayfly agreed. “Nothing that has become can be truly eternal anyway, as it had a beginning", it said. "The forever more is what anybody cares”, the butterfly remarked. “I sure also have become.” ■More

Chapter 7. Time in the mind and heart

Some 200 years ago, there were no words or phrases as spatialization or a cognitive variable, but there were language uses as here: The advice nearest to my heart and deepest in my convictions is that the Union of the States be cherished and perpetuated — President James Madison. ■More

5.3. Practice: real syntax and more words

We can tell abbreviated “is” from “has” only by their contexts, as both get shortened to ’s. Abbreviated verb forms are much in use in American English. We learn telling them, continuing the practice with symbolic cues, mapping variables, and target grammatical time, plus a few irregular verbs. ■More

5.2. Practice: symbolic cues and real syntax

We exercise the target grammatical time with symbolic cues, gather language patterns from pieces, and then figure on pieces from symbolic cues. All along, we form the answers in our minds solely: this is where thinking habits take shape, for learning to hold. ■More

5.1. The language logic so far

We can reason, the Aspect makes one type of logic, because we cannot be {IN} an area of a cognitive map, without being {ON} a cognitive ground; likewise, we can never work the Past or Future without our Present, but we may prefer to affirm or deny in distinct logic. ■More

Chapter 5. Let us make own paths with time

To make own paths with language and time, we need to decide if we affirm, ask a question, or deny. We may think about something usual as a strawberry, to work the Affirmative, Interrogative, or Negative. Our strawberry is more of a theory at times, as the blue in the Mind Practice. ■More

4.2. Practice: mapping the Aspect

Imagination is an ability to envision, to form an image. Without such ability, we would be unable to prefigure on things. We may begin with mind maps for our physical whereabouts, our every day, and our lives, gradually to move from thought about place into that about time. ■More

4.1. The idea of travel in grammar

Language is not a predetermined reality. Beginning to read a book or to watch a movie, we may wonder what there is going to be; somewhere around the middle, we may look back to what has happened, and think about things accomplished at the end. Our thought has grammar. ■More

Chapter 4. Aspect cognitive variables

Humans naturally build mind perspectives for neighborhoods or vicinity, in familiar settings. Since the very beginning, people have lived in places that allow the horizontal plane: to sit, have meals, sleep; read, write, or paint. Human grammar has evolved on planet Earth. ■More

3.4. Practice for the shape of time

Metalanguage is the style to talk about language, as about nouns, verbs, or tenses. Most of us know metalanguage from school or individual study; we only may not be used to the specialist term, “meta-language”. To get along at school, we need to be metalinguistic. ■More

3.3. The big chart for three persons and paths

It is good to make a big picture, to integrate own ability. We put together the Aspect — the Simple, Progressive, and Perfect — with all personal pronouns, and in all three fields of time, the Future, Present, and Past. This way we know all there is for us to gather, before we take to practice. ■More

3.2. The person ‘you’

The pronoun 'you" has evolved into the same shape for the singular and plural in English. The development needs not mean contestation. We people simply each are own self. We couldn't swap bodies, for example. Imagine Aristotle as he chats with Plato after parachuting. ■More

3.1. Field and river, the grammatical Aspect

There is no single landscape all people reasonably could be advised always to bear in mind. With life, grammar, and landscapes as well, we need to regard and decide the Aspect on our own. The Latin aspectus meant "a seeing, looking at". ■More

Chapter 3. Time is like a river: verb patterns

Everyday language has phrases as a flow of time, a course of events: we people happen to have such impressions about life. Grammatical patterns for words and time may look a lot to think about at first, and this is why we begin with a good glimpse. ■More