Chapter 8. A Progressive and Perfect regard

When the reference for time is singular, the cognitive time frame is closed, and the variable can be {ON} or {IN}. All Perfect tenses make a dual time reference and their time frame is open. The cognitive variables are {TO} or {AT}, to highlight a time span or dynamism. ■More

6.3. Exercises: the Aspect and the frame

1. The motmot had completely befallen for a piece of fresh stollen. 2. The skylark found nothing to outbid the bit of cosmos with a squid. 5. The golden frog behind the chilidog overslept and wept. 8. The spotted redshank bachelorette bewailed, and reset her buret for the bouncing bet. ■More

5.3. Practice: real syntax and more words

We can tell abbreviated “is” from “has” only by their contexts, as both get shortened to ’s. Abbreviated verb forms are much in use in American English. We learn telling them, continuing the practice with symbolic cues, mapping variables, and target grammatical time, plus a few irregular verbs. ■More

5.1. The language logic so far

We can reason, the Aspect makes one type of logic, because we cannot be {IN} an area of a cognitive map, without being {ON} a cognitive ground; likewise, we can never work the Past or Future without our Present, but we may prefer to affirm or deny in distinct logic. ■More

Chapter 5. Let us make own paths with time

To make own paths with language and time, we need to decide if we affirm, ask a question, or deny. We may think about something usual as a strawberry, to work the Affirmative, Interrogative, or Negative. Our strawberry is more of a theory at times, as the blue in the Mind Practice. ■More

4.2. Practice: mapping the Aspect

Imagination is an ability to envision, to form an image. Without such ability, we would be unable to prefigure on things. We may begin with mind maps for our physical whereabouts, our every day, and our lives, gradually to move from thought about place into that about time. ■More

3.4. Practice for the shape of time

Metalanguage is the style to talk about language, as about nouns, verbs, or tenses. Most of us know metalanguage from school or individual study; we only may not be used to the specialist term, “meta-language”. To get along at school, we need to be metalinguistic. ■More

3.3. The big chart for three persons and paths

It is good to make a big picture, to integrate own ability. We put together the Aspect — the Simple, Progressive, and Perfect — with all personal pronouns, and in all three fields of time, the Future, Present, and Past. This way we know all there is for us to gather, before we take to practice. ■More

3.2. The person ‘you’

The pronoun 'you" has evolved into the same shape for the singular and plural in English. The development needs not mean contestation. We people simply each are own self. We couldn't swap bodies, for example. Imagine Aristotle as he chats with Plato after parachuting. ■More

3.1. Field and river, the grammatical Aspect

There is no single landscape all people reasonably could be advised always to bear in mind. With life, grammar, and landscapes as well, we need to regard and decide the Aspect on our own. The Latin aspectus meant "a seeing, looking at". ■More

2.1. More words in the Fields

Verbs give us three fields and — three forms of the verb. Forms are not the same as fields. We begin with simple practice on forms first and second, consciously to choose focus on the shape of the verb or the field. We exercises in mind, to strengthen good habits for thought. ■More

1.2. Mind practice: thinking on purpose

Silent thought is a great friend of language skill. We do not know a language really, if it does not belong with that inner competence. It is with practice that the brain together with mind makes associations for work on language trace features solely. ■More

1.1. Fields of Time: basic practice

We may think about mountains, oceans, or the cosmos as well, because the exercise is to imagine language form in fields generally. Language learning does not need limitation. The simple exercises are to help flexible habits that can work in advanced language skill. ■More

Chapter 1. We can plan on time as in fields

The way we people use language can show some of that human and intellectual skill altogether, of the human inner logic generally — to organize own thought, speech, and writing Grammatical time can work as in fields we name the Past, Present, and Future. ■ More