Towards the time frame
■ The Simple versus the Perfect;
■ the Simple versus the Progressive;
■ the Perfect Progressive & earthling basic cognitive variable;
■ Modal verbs;
■ the Conditional, Unreal Past — or language form relativity.
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Chapter 6. To choose own path in time
For the Present Perfect or Past Simple, we need own resolves in real-time.
6.1. Our linguistic gravitation
As with Earth gravitation, when we have the cognitive ground, we close the frame.
6.2. Aspect variable and time frame
It was a time frame of about sixty minutes to commence or not to happen altogether.
6.3. Exercises: the Aspect and the frame
2. The skylark found nothing to outbid the bit of cosmos with a squid.
Chapter 7. Time in the mind and heart
The advice nearest to my heart and deepest in my convictions is … — President James Madison.
Chapter 8. The Perfect Progressive
All Perfect tenses make a dual time reference. The frame is open, for variables {TO} or {AT}.
8.1. Earthling basic cognitive variable
In thousands of years, early childhood learning to walk has gotten along with learning to talk.
Chapter 9. To tell the fashion in valuable time
Modal verbs are relative to real time, as they mediate between the grammatical Time and Aspect.
9.1. Auxiliary HAVE and Modal syntax
Not even theoretical physics would go on without data forever; why should we ignore language logic?
9.2. Theory time and the Modal Net
Real-time frames close on time; Modal frames close on objects of thought.
9.3. Detail on Modal structures
Ancillary time can only be theory twice, in questions: “Mustn’t you have…”
Chapter 10. Form relativity galore
It is only the anchored Past to remain in the grammatical Past, if we guess or suppose.
10.1. Grammar Unreal or Real time
If I had permitted my failures, or what seemed to me at the time a lack of success… ― Calvin Coolidge
10.2. The relative Progressive
Modal verbs close their frames with auxiliary HAVE, whereas real-time frames open with the same auxiliary.
Appendix 4. Patterns for all Aspects
It is good to browse through language forms time and again, read a few and think about them together with life and people.
Part 1
■ The grammatical Past, Present, and Future;
■ the Simple, Progressive, and Perfect;
■ the infinitive, auxiliary, and head verb forms;
■ the Affirmative, Interrogative, Negative, and Negative Interrogative;
■ vowel patterns in irregular verbs — high and low,
back and front.