It is good to browse through language forms time and again, read a few, and turn them in mind.
Grammar visuals can be of help. Let us remember about our color code and virtual items too.
The presentation here shows all the four Aspects, Simple, Progressive, Perfect, and Perfect Progressive — in the Affirmative, Interrogative, Negative, and Negative Interrogative.
Aspect Simple
Cognitive variable {ON}
The Affirmative
The Simple Present
I write.
OTHER PERSONS
You (we, they) write.
He (she, it) writes.
The Simple Past
I wrote.
OTHER PERSONS
You (we, they) wrote.
He (she, it) wrote.
The Simple Future
I will write.
Short form
I’ll write.
OTHER PERSONS:
You (we, they, he, she, it) will write.
Short form
You’ll (we’ll, they’ll, he’ll, she’ll, it’ll) write.
The Interrogative
The Simple Present
Do I write?
OTHER PERSONS
Do you (we, they) write?
Does he (she, it) write?
The Simple Past
Did I write?
OTHER PERSONS
Did you (we, they, he, she, it) write?
The Simple Future
Will I write?
OTHER PERSONS
Will you (we, they, he, she, it) write?
The Negative
The Simple Present
I do not write.
Short form
I don’t write.
OTHER PERSONS:
You (we, they) do not write.
He (she, it) does not write.
Short form
You (we, they) don’t write.
He (she, it) doesn’t write.
The Simple Past
I did not write.
Short form
I didn’t write.
OTHER PERSONS:
You (we, they, he, she, it) did not write.
Short form
You (we, they, he, she, it) didn’t write.
The Simple Future
I will not write.
Short form
I won’t write.
OTHER PERSONS:
You (we, they, he, she, it) will not write.
Short form
You (we, they, he, she, it) won’t write.
The Negative Interrogative
The Simple Present
Do I not write?
Short form
Don’t I write?
OTHER PERSONS:
Do you (we, they) not write?
Does he (she, it) not write?
Short form
Don’t you (we, they) write?
Doesn’t he (she, it) write?
The Simple Past
Did I not write?
Short form
Didn’t I write?
OTHER PERSONS
Did you (we, they, he, she, it) not write?
Short form
Didn’t you (we, they, he, she, it) write?
The Simple Future
Will I not write?
Short form
Won’t I write?
OTHER PERSONS:
Will you (we, they, he, she, it) not write?
Short form
Won’t you (we, they, he, she, it) write?
Aspect Progressive
Cognitive variable {IN}
The Affirmative
The Present Progressive
I am writing.
Short form
I’m writing.
OTHER PERSONS
You (we, they) are writing.
He (she, it) is writing.
Short form
You’re (we’re, they’re) writing.
He’s (she’s, it’s) writing.
The Past Progressive
I was writing.
OTHER PERSONS:
You (we, they) were writing.
He (she, it) was writing.
The Future Progressive
I will be writing.
Short form
I’ll be writing.
OTHER PERSONS
You (we, they, he, she, it) will be writing.
Short form
You’ll be (we’ll be, they’ll be, he’ll be, she’ll be, it’ll be) writing.
The Interrogative
The Present Progressive
Am I writing?
OTHER PERSONS
Are you (we, they) writing?
Is he (she, it) writing?
The Past Progressive
Was I writing?
OTHER PERSONS
Were you (we, they) writing?
Was he (she, it) writing?
The Future Progressive
Will I be writing?
OTHER PERSONS
Will you (we, they, he, she, it) be writing?
The Negative
The Present Progressive
I am not writing.
Short form
I’m not writing.
OTHER PERSONS
You (we, they) are not writing.
He (she, it) is not writing.
Short form
You’re not (we’re not, they’re not) writing.
He’s not (she’s not, it’s not) writing.
Alternately
You (we, they) aren’t writing.
He (she, it) isn’t writing.
The Past Progressive
I was not writing.
Short form
I wasn’t writing.
OTHER PERSONS
You (we, they) were not writing.
He (she, it) was not writing.
Short form
You (we, they) weren’t writing.
He (she, it) wasn’t writing.
The Future Progressive
I will not be writing.
Short form
I won’t be writing.
OTHER PERSONS
You (we, they, he, she, it) will not be writing.
Short form
You (we, they, he, she, it) won’t be writing.
The Negative Interrogative
The Present Progressive
Am I not writing?
(There is no standard short form;
there is only the colloquial form “ain’t”.)
OTHER PERSONS
Are you (we, they) not writing?
Is he (she, it) not writing?
Short form
Aren’t you (we, they) writing?
Isn’t he (she, it) writing?
The Past Progressive
Was I not writing?
Short form
Wasn’t I writing?
OTHER PERSONS
Were you (we, they) not writing?
Was he (she, it) not writing?
Short form
Weren’t you (we, they) writing?
Wasn’t he (she, it) writing?
The Future Progressive
Will I not be writing?
Short form
Won’t I be writing?
OTHER PERSONS
Will you (we, they, he, she, it) not be writing?
Short form
Won’t you (we, they, he, she, it) be writing?
Aspect Perfect
Cognitive variable {ON}
The Affirmative
The Present Perfect
I have written.
Short form
I’ve written.
OTHER PERSONS
You (we, they) have written.
He (she, it) has written.
Short form
You’ve (we’ve, they’ve) written.
He’s (she’s, it’s) written.
The Past Perfect
I had written.
Short form
I’d written.
OTHER PERSONS
You (we, they, he, she, it) had written.
Short form
You ’d (we’d, they’d, he’d, she’d) written.
A form as *it’d has been little practiced, spoken or written;
it is phonologically cumbersome. We can always use the full form, as
It had written, showed, etc.
The Future Perfect
I will have written.
Short form
I’ll have written.
OTHER PERSONS
You (we, they, he, she, it) will have written.
Short form
You’ll have (we’ll have, they’ll have, he’ll have, she’ll have, it’ll have) written.
The Interrogative
The Present Perfect
Have I written?
OTHER PERSONS
Have you (we, they) written?
Has he (she, it) written?
The Past Perfect
Had I written?
OTHER PERSONS
Had you (we, they, he, she, it) written?
The Future Perfect
Will I have written?
OTHER PERSONS
Will you (we, they, he, she, it) have written?
The Negative
The Present Perfect
I have not written.
Short form
I haven’t written.
OTHER PERSONS
You (we, they) have not written.
He (she, it) has not written.
Short form
You (we, they) haven’t written.
He (she, it) hasn’t written.
The Past Perfect
I had not written.
Short form
I hadn’t written.
OTHER PERSONS
You (we, they, he, she, it) had not written.
Short form
You (we, they, he, she, it) hadn’t written.
The Future Perfect
I will not have written.
Short form
I won’t have written.
OTHER PERSONS
You (we, they, he, she, it) will not have written.
Short form
You (we, they, he, she, it) won’t have written.
The Negative Interrogative
The Present Perfect
Have I not written?
Short form
Haven’t I written?
OTHER PERSONS
Have you (we, they) not written?
Has he (she, it) not written?
Short form
Haven’t you (we, they) written?
Hasn’t he (she, it) written?
The Past Perfect
Had I not written?
Short form
Hadn’t I written?
OTHER PERSONS
Had you (we, they, he, she, it) not written?
Short form
Hadn’t you (we, they, he, she, it) written?
The Future Perfect
Will I not have written?
Short form
Won’t I have written?
OTHER PERSONS
Will you (we, they, he, she, it) not have written?
Short form
Won’t you (we, they, he, she, it) have written?
Aspect Perfect Progressive
Cognitive variable {AT}
The Affirmative
The Present Perfect Progressive
I have been writing.
Short form
I’ ve been writing.
OTHER PERSONS
You (we, they) have been writing.
He (she, it) has been writing.
Short form
You’ve been (we’ve been, they’ve been) writing.
He’s been (she’s been, it’s been) writing.
The Past Perfect Progressive
I had been writing.
Short form
I’ d been writing.
OTHER PERSONS
You (we, they, he, she, it) had been writing.
Short form
You’d been (we’d been, they’d been, he’d been, she’d been) writing.
As with the Perfect Simple pattern, no form as “it’d been” would have been practiced.
The Future Perfect Progressive
I will have been writing.
Short form
I’ll have been writing.
OTHER PERSONS
You (we, they, he, she, it) will have been writing.
Short form
You’ll have been (we’ll have been, they’ll have been, he’ll have been, she’ll have been, it’ll have been) writing.
The Interrogative
The Present Perfect Progressive
Have I been writing?
OTHER PERSONS
Have you (we, they) been writing?
Has he (she, it) been writing?
The Past Perfect Progressive
Had I been writing?
OTHER PERSONS
Had you (we, they, he, she, it) been writing?
The Future Perfect Progressive
Will I have been writing?
OTHER PERSONS
Will you (we, they, he, she, it) have been writing?
The Negative
The Present Perfect Progressive
I have not been writing.
Short form
I haven’t been writing.
OTHER PERSONS
You (we, they) have not been writing.
He (she, it) has not been writing.
Short form
You (we, they) haven’t been writing.
He (she, it) hasn’t been writing.
The Past Perfect Progressive
I had not been writing.
Short form
I hadn’t been writing.
OTHER PERSONS
You (we, they, he, she, it) had not been writing.
Short form
You (we, they, he, she, it) hadn’t been writing.
The Future Perfect Progressive
I will not have been writing.
Short form
I won’t have been writing.
OTHER PERSONS
You (we, they, he, she, it) will not have been writing.
Short form
You (we, they, he, she, it) won’t have been writing.
The Negative Interrogative
The Present Perfect Progressive
Have I not been writing?
Short form
Haven’t I been writing?
OTHER PERSONS
Have you (we, they) not been writing?
Has he (she, it) not been writing?
Short form
Haven’t you (we, they) been writing?
Hasn’t he (she, it) been writing?
The Past Perfect Progressive
Had I not been writing?
Short form
Hadn’t I been writing?
OTHER PERSONS
Had you (we, they, he, she, it) not been writing?
Short form
Hadn’t you (we, they, he, she, it) been writing?
The Future Perfect Progressive
Will I not have been writing?
Short form
Won’t I have been writing?
OTHER PERSONS
Will you (we, they, he, she, it) not have been writing?
Short form
Won’t you (we, they, he, she, it) have been writing?