FIRST PERSON SINGULAR:
I, me
OTHER PERSONS:
you, we, they, he, she, it
THE SIMPLE ASPECT
COGNITIVE VARIABLE: ON
THE SIMPLE AFFIRMATIVE
FUTURE SIMPLE AFFIRMATIVE:
I will write.
Short form
I’ll write.
OTHER PERSONS:
You (we, they, he, she, it) will write.
Short form
You’ll (we’ll, they’ll, he’ll, she’ll, it’ll) write.
*****
PRESENT SIMPLE AFFIRMATIVE:
I write.
OTHER PERSONS
You (we, they) write.
He (she, it) writes.
*****
PAST SIMPLE AFFIRMATIVE:
I wrote.
OTHER PERSONS
You (we, they, he, she, it) wrote.
*****
THE SIMPLE INTERROGATIVE
FUTURE SIMPLE INTERROGATIVE:
Will I write?
OTHER PERSONS:
Will you (we, they, he, she, it) write?
*****
PRESENT SIMPLE INTERROGATIVE:
Do I write?
OTHER PERSONS
Do you (we, they) write?
Does he (she, it) write?
*****
PAST SIMPLE INTERROGATIVE:
Did I write?
OTHER PERSONS
Did you (we, they, he, she, it) write?
*****
THE SIMPLE NEGATIVE
FUTURE SIMPLE NEGATIVE:
I will not write.
Short form
I won’t write.
OTHER PERSONS:
You (we, they, he, she, it) will not write.
Short form
You (we, they, he, she, it) won’t write.
*****
PRESENT SIMPLE NEGATIVE:
I do not write.
Short form
I don’t write.
OTHER PERSONS:
You (we, they) do not write.
He (she, it) does not write.
Short form
You (we, they) don’t write.
He (she, it) doesn’t write.
*****
PAST SIMPLE NEGATIVE:
I did not write.
Short form
I didn’t write.
OTHER PERSONS:
You (we, they, he, she, it) did not write.
Short form
You (we, they, he, she, it) didn’t write.
*****
THE SIMPLE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
FUTURE SIMPLE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE:
Will I not write?
Short form
Won’t I write?
OTHER PERSONS:
Will you (we, they, he, she, it) not write?
Short form
Won’t you (we, they, he, she, it) write?
*****
PRESENT SIMPLE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE:
Do I not write?
Short form
Don’t I write?
OTHER PERSONS:
Do you (we, they) not write?
Does he (she, it) not write?
Short form
Don’t you (we, they) write?
Doesn’t he (she, it) write?
*****
PAST SIMPLE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE:
Did I not write?
Short form
Didn’t I write?
OTHER PERSONS
Did you (we, they, he, she, it) not write?
Short form
Didn’t you (we, they, he, she, it) write?
*****
THE PROGRESSIVE ASPECT
COGNITIVE VARIABLE: IN
THE PROGRESSIVE AFFIRMATIVE
FUTURE PROGRESSIVE AFFIRMATIVE:
I will be writing.
Short form
I’ll be writing.
OTHER PERSONS
You (we, they, he, she, it) will be writing.
Short form
You’ll be (we’ll be, they’ll be, he’ll be, she’ll be, it’ll be) writing.
*****
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE AFFIRMATIVE:
I am writing.
Short form
I’m writing.
OTHER PERSONS
You (we, they) are writing.
He (she, it) is writing.
Short form
You’re (we’re, they’re) writing.
He’s (she’s, it’s) writing.
*****
PAST PROGRESSIVE AFFIRMATIVE:
I was writing.
OTHER PERSONS:
You (we, they) were writing.
He (she, it) was writing.
*****
THE PROGRESSIVE INTERROGATIVE
FUTURE PROGRESSIVE INTERROGATIVE:
Will I be writing?
OTHER PERSONS
Will you (we, they, he, she, it) be writing?
*****
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE INTERROGATIVE:
Am I writing?
OTHER PERSONS
Are you (we, they) writing?
Is he (she, it) writing?
*****
PAST PROGRESSIVE INTERROGATIVE:
Was I writing?
OTHER PERSONS
Were you (we, they) writing?
Was he (she, it) writing?
*****
THE PROGRESSIVE NEGATIVE
FUTURE PROGRESSIVE NEGATIVE:
I will not be writing.
Short form
I won’t be writing.
OTHER PERSONS
You (we, they, he, she, it) will not be writing.
Short form
You (we, they, he, she, it) won’t be writing.
*****
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE NEGATIVE:
I am not writing.
Short form
I’m not writing.
OTHER PERSONS
You (we, they) are not writing.
He (she, it) is not writing.
Short form
You’re not (we’re not, they’re not) writing.
He’s not (she’s not, it’s not) writing.
Alternately
You (we, they) aren’t writing.
He (she, it) isn’t writing.
*****
PAST PROGRESSIVE NEGATIVE:
I was not writing.
Short form
I wasn’t writing.
OTHER PERSONS
You (we, they) were not writing.
He (she, it) was not writing.
Short form
You (we, they) weren’t writing.
He (she, it) wasn’t writing.
*****
THE PROGRESSIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
FUTURE PROGRESSIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE:
Will I not be writing?
Short form
Won’t I be writing?
OTHER PERSONS:
Will you (we, they, he, she, it) not be writing?
Short form
Won’t you (we, they, he, she, it) be writing?
*****
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE:
Am I not writing?
(There is no standard short form;
there is only the colloquial form “ain’t”.)
OTHER PERSONS:
Are you (we, they) not writing?
Is he (she, it) not writing?
Short form
Aren’t you (we, they) writing?
Isn’t he (she, it) writing?
*****
PAST PROGRESSIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE:
Was I not writing?
Short form
Wasn’t I writing?
OTHER PERSONS:
Were you (we, they) not writing?
Was he (she, it) not writing?
Short form
Weren’t you (we, they) writing?
Wasn’t he (she, it) writing?
*****
THE PERFECT ASPECT
COGNITIVE VARIABLE: TO
THE PERFECT AFFIRMATIVE
FUTURE PERFECT AFFIRMATIVE:
I will have written.
Short form
I’ll have written.
OTHER PERSONS
You (we, they, he, she, it) will have written.
Short form
You’ll have (we’ll have, they’ll have, he’ll have, she’ll have, it’ll have) written.
*****
PRESENT PERFECT AFFIRMATIVE:
I have written.
Short form
I’ve written.
OTHER PERSONS
You (we, they) have written.
He (she, it) has written.
Short form
You’ve (we’ve, they’ve) written.
He’s (she’s, it’s) written.
*****
PAST PERFECT AFFIRMATIVE:
I had written.
Short form
I’d written.
OTHER PERSONS
You (we, they, he, she, it) had written.
Short form
You ’d (we’d, they’d, he’d, she’d) written.
No form as * “it’d” has been practiced, spoken or written;
it is phonologically implausible. We always use the full form, e.g.
It (the computer) had written it would surrender.
*****
THE PERFECT INTERROGATIVE
FUTURE PERFECT INTERROGATIVE
Will I have written?
OTHER PERSONS
Will you (we, they, he, she, it) have written?
*****
PRESENT PERFECT INTERROGATIVE
Have I written?
OTHER PERSONS
Have you (we, they) written?
Has he (she, it) written?
*****
PAST PERFECT INTERROGATIVE
Had I written?
OTHER PERSONS
Had you (we, they, he, she, it) written?
*****
THE PERFECT NEGATIVE
FUTURE PERFECT NEGATIVE
I will not have written.
Short form
I won’t have written.
OTHER PERSONS
You (we, they, he, she, it) will not have written.
Short form
You (we, they, he, she, it) won’t have written.
*****
PRESENT PERFECT NEGATIVE
I have not written.
Short form
I haven’t written.
OTHER PERSONS
You (we, they) have not written.
He (she, it) has not written.
Short form
You (we, they) haven’t written.
He (she, it) hasn’t written.
*****
PAST PERFECT NEGATIVE
I had not written.
Short form
I hadn’t written.
OTHER PERSONS
You (we, they, he, she, it) had not written.
Short form
You (we, they, he, she, it) hadn’t written.
*****
THE PERFECT NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
FUTURE PERFECT NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
Will I not have written?
Short form
Won’t I have written?
OTHER PERSONS
Will you (we, they, he, she, it) not have written?
Short form
Won’t you (we, they, he, she, it) have written?
*****
PRESENT PERFECT NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
Have I not written?
Short form
Haven’t I written?
OTHER PERSONS
Have you (we, they) not written?
Has he (she, it) not written?
Short form
Haven’t you (we, they) written?
Hasn’t he (she, it) written?
*****
PAST PERFECT NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
Had I not written?
Short form
Hadn’t I written?
OTHER PERSONS
Had you (we, they, he, she, it) not written?
Short form
Hadn’t you (we, they, he, she, it) written?
*****
THE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE ASPECT
COGNITIVE VARIABLE: AT
THE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE AFFIRMATIVE
FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE AFFIRMATIVE
I will have been writing.
Short form
I’ll have been writing.
OTHER PERSONS
You (we, they, he, she, it) will have been writing.
Short form
You’ll have been (we’ll have been, they’ll have been, he’ll have been, she’ll have been, it’ll have been) writing.
*****
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE AFFIRMATIVE
I have been writing.
Short form
I’ ve been writing.
OTHER PERSONS
You (we, they) have been writing.
He (she, it) has been writing.
Short form
You’ve been (we’ve been, they’ve been) writing.
He’s been (she’s been, it’s been) writing.
*****
PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE AFFIRMATIVE
I had been writing.
Short form
I’ d been writing.
OTHER PERSONS
You (we, they, he, she, it) had been writing.
Short form
You’d been (we’d been, they’d been, he’d been, she’d been) writing.
As with the Perfect Simple pattern, no form as “it’d been” would have been practiced.
*****
THE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE INTERROGATIVE
FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE INTERROGATIVE
Will I have been writing?
OTHER PERSONS
Will you (we, they, he, she, it) have been writing?
*****
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE INTERROGATIVE
Have I been writing?
OTHER PERSONS
Have you (we, they) been writing?
Has he (she, it) been writing?
*****
PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE INTERROGATIVE
Had I been writing?
OTHER PERSONS
Had you (we, they, he, she, it) been writing?
*****
THE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE NEGATIVE
FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE NEGATIVE
I will not have been writing.
Short form
I won’t have been writing.
OTHER PERSONS
You (we, they, he, she, it) will not have been writing.
Short form
You (we, they, he, she, it) won’t have been writing.
*****
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE NEGATIVE
I have not been writing.
Short form
I haven’t been writing.
OTHER PERSONS
You (we, they) have not been writing.
He (she, it) has not been writing.
Short form
You (we, they) haven’t been writing.
He (she, it) hasn’t been writing.
*****
PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE NEGATIVE
I had not been writing.
Short form
I hadn’t been writing.
OTHER PERSONS
You (we, they, he, she, it) had not been writing.
Short form
You (we, they, he, she, it) hadn’t been writing.
*****
THE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
Will I not have been writing?
Short form
Won’t I have been writing?
OTHER PERSONS
Will you (we, they, he, she, it) not have been writing?
Short form
Won’t you (we, they, he, she, it) have been writing?
*****
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
Have I not been writing?
Short form
Haven’t I been writing?
OTHER PERSONS
Have you (we, they) not been writing?
Has he (she, it) not been writing?
Short form
Haven’t you (we, they) been writing?
Hasn’t he (she, it) been writing?
*****
PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
Had I not been writing?
Short form
Hadn’t I been writing?
OTHER PERSONS
Had you (we, they, he, she, it) not been writing?
Short form
Hadn’t you (we, they, he, she, it) been writing?
